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The first dissociation energies for the neutral germanium clusters predicted by the B3LYP method are 2.87 (Ge 2), 3.22 (Ge 3), 3.80 (Ge 4), 3.12 (Ge 5) and 3.37 eV (Ge 6). Compared to the available experimental dissociation energies for Ge 2, the theoretical predictions are very reasonable.
The synthesis of heterocycles is arguably one of the oldest and at the same time one of the youngest disciplines of organic chemistry. Groundbreaking principles to form heterocycles, mainly by condensation reactions, were recognized in the beginning of the 19th century, and many of the classical reactions discovered at that time are still of great …
Abstract. The present disclosure provides a new series of compounds exhibiting high fluorescence quantum yields in the solid state. In one embodiment, the …
Presented in this work is a thorough determination of the transition states between the different isomers of cyclic tetra-atomic silicon carbide, germanium carbide, and germanium silicide clusters. Through use of density functional theory (B3LYP-D3BJ, M06-2X, ωB97X-D4, and B2GP-PLYP) in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, …
CYCLIC GERMANIUM COMPOUNDS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF . United States Patent Application 20190225632 . Kind Code: A1 . Abstract: The present disclosure provides a new series of compounds exhibiting high fluorescence quantum yields in the solid state. In one embodiment, the compounds include a series of 2,3,4,5 …
Isotopes. Its five stable isotopes, germanium-70, germanium-72, germanium-73, germanium-74, and germanium-76, occur naturally out of which germanium-74 is the most common with a natural abundance of around 36% [4].Germanium-76 is slightly radioactive with a half-life period of 1.6 X 10 21 years and a natural abundance of …
cyclic, tetra-atomic silicon-carbide, germanium-carbide, and germanium-silicide molecules. The determination of the magnitude of the energy barriers for these transition states will help to confirm whether or not interconversion between these structures is feasible in the various regions of the ISM. Computational Methods
Germanium in hydrides was revealed to be not only four-coordinated but to sometimes form only two bonds in linear chain or cyclic structures. The planar digermene H 2 Ge = GeH 2 form is the transition state in the interconversion of the germylgermylene H 3 Ge–GeH structure, which was found to correspond to minimum enthalpy [ 5 ].
Presented in this work is a thorough determination of the transition states between the different isomers of cyclic tetra-atomic silicon-carbide, germanium-carbide, and germanium-silicide clusters. Through use of density functional theory (B3LYP-D3BJ, M06-2X, ωB97X-D4, and B2GP-PLYP) in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, …
This paper focuses on the principle study and application of a fractional crystallization methodology using a rotating and internally gas cooled crystallizer (so called cooled finger, developed at IME/RWTH Aachen) first applied to the refining of germanium. For this purpose, a series of experimental trials were performed using a model …
Presented in this work is a thorough determination of the transition states between the different isomers of cyclic tetra-atomic silicon carbide, germanium carbide, and germanium silicide clusters. Through use of density functional theory (B3LYP-D3BJ, M06-2X, ωB97X-D4, and B2GP-PLYP) in conjunction with the
Germanium (Ge) is a critical raw material for emerging high-tech and green industries, resulting in considerable recent interest to understand its distribution and geochemical behavior in ore ...
Cyclic voltammograms of seven new halometallate salts of Ge IV and Ge II revealed the effects of changing the cation, oxidation state and halide co-ligand on the reduction potential required to reach the Ge …
Isolation of Transient Acyclic Germanium(I) Radicals Stabilized by Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141 (5), 1908-1912.
Germanium extraction yield is >99%, while stripping yield is 66–69%. However, germanium is not lost because it is recirculated with the organic phase to germanium extraction. Additionally, germanium is concentrated from 5.15 g/dm 3 in the feed to ~21 g/dm 3 in the solution stripped with 20% NaOH. In the second stage raffinate …
With a focus on germanium-containing radicals, this book chapter has been subdivided into four main parts. After introducing the topic, a summary of the …
For germanium, multiply- twinned particles have also been found when they were prepared in a clean atmosphere. The crystaffites with these habits have the ordinary diamond structure. Germanium particles with a new structure (tetragonal system, a 0.5 37 nm and c = 0.904 nm) are also found besides those with the ordinary diamond structure.
CYCLIC GERMANIUM COMPOUNDS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF. / Braddock-Wilking, Janet; Bandrowsky, Teresa Lynn; Carroll, Ii James Bryan et al. 2013. Research …
Properties Chemical. Elemental germanium is stable in air, and slowly oxidizes to GeO 2 at 250 °C. Germanium is insoluble in dilute acids and alkali, but reacts slowly with concentrated sulfuric acid and violently with molten alkali to produce germanates ([GeO 3] 2−).. Germanium halides hydrolyze in water or moist air, to yield hydrogen …
Germanium Formula. Formula: Ge Composition: A single germanium atom. Bond Type: Germanium forms covalent bonds, characteristic of its four valence electrons. Molecular Structure: Metallic gray, brittle in its solid form. Electron Configuration: 32 electrons, with the configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p². Significance: Used in …
Compound 1 undergoes an intramolecular oxidative insertion reaction of germanium into a C-O bond to result in a cyclic germanium(IV) tetraoxidogermocane (2). Addition of 3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5 ...
Cyclic oxidation behavior of NiTi SMAs improved after the addition of Ge and exhibit parabolic behavior. ... or germanium co mpounds phases which perhaps exists in the outer layer in inadeq uate ...
Germanium purification by chemical methods led to crystals with net-dopant concentrations as low as 1014 cm-3, an impressive result. Impurity segregation-based physical purification such as zone-melting invented by W. Pfann, [17] led to further improvements. Doping techniques based on melt-doping, alloying and diffusion were
The present disclosure provides a new series of compounds exhibiting high fluorescence quantum yields in the solid state. In one embodiment, the compounds include a series of 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylgermoles with the same or different 1,1-substituents.
The conditions employed for alkane dehydrogenation reactions are usually detrimental for catalyst stability. Now, subnanometre Pt clusters stabilized by the Ge-enriched double four-membered-ring ...
Germanium nanowires, ranging from 10 to 150 nm in diameter, were grown several micrometers in length in cyclohexane heated and pressurized above its critical point. Alkanethiol-protected gold nanocrystals, either 2.5 or 6.5 nm in diameter, were used to seed wire formation. Growth proceeded through a solution−liquid−solid mechanism at growth …
Despite the notable progress in the stabilization of main group radicals by NHCs and cAACs, no germanium radicals have been isolated so far due to synthetic challenges. Stabilization of neutral …
There is likely no interconversion between isomers of the tetra-atomic silicon carbide or germanium carbide/silicide species occurring in the interstellar medium. Presented in this work is a thorough determination of the transition states between the different isomers of cyclic tetra-atomic silicon carbide, germanium carbide, and germanium silicide …
Request PDF | An investigation into transition states of cyclic tetra-atomic silicon and germanium interstellar dust compounds: SixC4-x, GexC4-x, and GexSi4-x (x ∈ {1,2,3}) | There is likely no ...
Herein, we report the synthesis of acyclic neutral germanium(I) radicals Cy-cAAC:GeN(SiMe 3)Dip (1) and Me-cAAC:GeN(SiPh 3)Mes (2) obtained by the reduction of [Ar(SiR 3)NGeCl 3] with KC 8 in the presence of cAAC. Compounds 1 and 2 are well characterized by single crystal X-ray structural analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and EPR …