- Mon - Sat 8:00 - 18:00
- [email protected]
- 0086-21-58386256
The Permian coal-bearing formations of the South African Karoo Basin play a crucial role in the study and interpretation of Gondwana's climate history and biodiversity in this time of major global changes in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Here, we report on new palynological data from the No. 2 coal seam of the Witbank coalfield, documenting …
South Africa's coal reserves and takes into account the amount of coal mined since the estimate was done. Considering the 290 Mt run-of-mine (ROM) production for ... Ecca Group, Dwyka Group Umtata Aliwal North urt Reitz Klerksdorp Springs Pretoria Belfast Mbabane SWAZILAND Spitzkop Phalaborwa Pietersburg NORTHERN …
Once the sub-continent entered more temperate climes, the glaciers melted and created a large, composite swamp over much of Southern Africa. The rich organic life that flourished in these swamps and marshes would eventually consolidate into the substantial coal fields of the Ecca Group of rocks. Rich in Fossils
Depositional palaeoenvironments of the coal-bearing Permian Vryheid Formation in the east Witbank Coalfield, South Africa B. Cairncross* and A.B. Cadle Department of Geology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa. ... Ecca Group at Bothaville in the Orange Free State. Hobday (1978b) …
Request PDF | Palynological records of the Early Permian icehouse-greenhouse transition (Ecca Group, South Africa) | The Permian coal-bearing formations of the South African Karoo Basin play a ...
South Africa's proved reserves of coal amounted to roughly 9.9 billion metric tons in 2020. ... Its largest coal deposits are found in the Ecca Group, covering approximately two-thirds of the ...
The Middle Permian Skoorsteenberg Formation is part of the Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa. It is also known as the 'Tanqua fan complex' due to its origin as a deep-water sedimentation unit associated with a prograding deltaic system. ... Rb-Sr Isotopic and elemental studies of the origin of glauconite in the Permian northern ...
The Permian coal-bearing formations of the South African Karoo Basin play a crucial role in the study and interpretation of Gondwana's climate history and biodiversity in this time …
The focus of this study is the potential for coalbed gas resources in the coal-bearing sequences of the Vryheid Formation of the Ecca Group (fig. 2). The Vryheid Formation …
The Ecca Group equivalents contain coal, but seams are relatively thin in the upper part of the coal zone. Below this zone, six to seven coal seams have been …
The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In this article, we present detailed stratigraphic and facies analyses
a roadside quarry near the Ecca Pass (Eastern Cape, South Africa). 18 Figure 2.9: Basin wide correlation of black s hales and coal seams modified from Ruckwied
Opencast coal mining in South Africa predominantly takes place in sedimentary Ecca Group rocks of the Karoo Supergroup within the Mpumalanga Province (Hancox and Götz, 2014; Holland et al., 1989 ...
Coal is a form of nonrenewable energy source that has been used by South Africans for a number of years. From 300 to1880 years coal was used in South Africa during the iron age (Snyman). During this time …
The Ecca Group hosts most of the South African coal seams, which are associated with certain sandstones and shales (Snyman 1998). The marine shales of the Volksrust Formation grade up into the terrestrial sediments of the Beaufort Group, reflecting a climatic change and marine water retreating (Cadle et al. 1993).
The prospective area for the Lower Ecca Group shales is estimated at 60,180 mi2, Figure XIX-5. The boundaries of the prospective area are defined by the outcrop of the Upper Ecca Group on the east, south and west/northwest and the pinch-out of the Lower Ecca Group shales on the northeast, Figure XIX-1.
The Lower Permian Pietermaritzburg Formation is a mudrock-dominated, upward-coarsening stratigraphic unit in the lower Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup) in the …
The Ecca Group is the main target of shale-gas exploration in South Africa and diagenetic research is the pre-requisite for the feasibility studies of the exploration. Reservoir quality in shales and
The lower–middle Normandien Formation in the north is chronologically equivalent to the Ripplemead member of the Balfour Formation in the south. Although the Ecca–Beaufort Group boundary is ...
The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
conglomerates and the overlying Ecca Group (Johnson. et al., 2006). The latter is represented by the Vryheid ... The Karoo Basin of South Africa: type-basin for coal-bearing deposits of. southern ...
The palynological record of the No. 2 Coal Seam of the Vryheid Formation indicates a cold climate, fern wetland community, characteristic of lowland alluvial plains, …
Diagenesis is one of the most important factors that affects reservoir rock property. Despite the fact that published data gives a vast amount of information on the geology, sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy of the Ecca Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa, little is known about the diagenesis of the potentially feasible or …
Africa's economic coal reserves. The Witbank Coalfield in particular has produced a large proportion of coal mined for export as well as for the local market. As such, it is one of the most important geographic as well as geological regions with respect to coal distribution and coal production. Smith & Whittaker (1986) stated that
The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In this article, we present detailed stratigraphic and facies analyses of borehole data and road-cut exposures of the Ecca Group along regional roads R67 (Ecca Pass), …
Presently South Africa is the only country in the world that operates commercial coal to liquids (CTL) synfuel plants, and coal is the feedstock for the …
The outcrop of the Ecca Group in the Eastern Cape Province was investigated in order to reveal petrographic and geophysical characteristics of the formations that make up the group which are vital ...
Coal deposits of the Karoo Basin in South Africa are contained within an 80–250-m-thick clastic sequence designated the Vryheid Formation. This formation constitutes part of the Ecca Group of the Karoo Sequence and contains several mineable bituminuos coal and anthracite beds and sporadic coking coal seams.
The Tevrede Formation deposits correlate with glauconitic and coal-bearing deposits of the Lower Permian Ecca Group in southern Namibia (KINGSLEY 1985) and South Africa (LEBLANC-SMITH 1980 ...
South Africa's coal resources are contained in the Ecca deposits, a stratum of the Karoo Supergroup, and date from the Permian period between 280 and 250 Ma. In general terms, they are largely located in …